There are a lot of composition techniques which are taken into consideration when it comes to photography, the basics are
Rule of thirds: This technique includes using the grid feature provided in most phone and professional cameras which help divide the pictures into three parts, the horizon occupies two parts of the third weather it is the lower third or the upper third whereas the subject occupies one third only.
The sky is occupying the 2 upper thirds of the picture whereas the cars and the ground are occupying the lower third in an immensely symmetrical manner making the picture aesthetically pleasing to the eye
another example of using the rule of thirds
Leading lines: We are naturally attracted to the lines of an image while we are looking at it. By paying attention to how we put lines in our picture, we may influence how we see the image as well.
The electricity wires are playing the role of leading lines in this picture
Symmetry and Patterns :Symmetries and patterns may be seen in both natural and man-made environments. Both of them have the potential to create visually arresting compositions, and a wonderful approach to make advantage of them is to disrupt their symmetry and pattern by generating or adding tension and emphasis into the composition.
The squares on the windows are not making a perfect symmetry although they are making a pattern which is pleasing to the eye
the individual window box is making a perfect symmetry as it can be divided into two parts,again making the picture eye-catching
Depth of field and Shallow Focus: Because photography is a two-dimensional medium, we must select our compositions with care in order to portray the depth that exists in the real scene we are photographing. This may be accomplished by incorporating items into the landscape and overlaying them.
as we can observe, the stair,which is in the foreground has been blurred to put emphasis on the cat which was in the background creating a depth of field.
the sandal in the middle is residing in the middle-ground and is in focus whereas the sandals beside it are both out of focus which again create a depth of field
the child pointing upwards and her fathers hands are in focus whereas the shop-keeper in the background is out of focus.
over here only the middle-ground is in focus
Deep focus: deep focus is when all the objects appearing in the photo are in focus and are not blurred
over here everything is in focus all the way from the stall at the left to the shop at the right
Worms eye view: this technique is used to make the subject look more imposing as well as intimidating. This technique is executed by mostly taking pictures from the ground
The cat looks far more imposing and intimidating than it does in real life only because the shot was taken from slightly below the cats eye level and was zoomed for added effect
over here the corridor looks intimidating and enormous because the picture was taken from a worm's eye point of view
Birds eye view: this kind of shot is mostly taken by drones or by using large camera stands and they give us an overview of the entire composition of the shot and some times add to the innocence of the subject
over here it can be seen that the two people are playing carom in a very homey and living room-esque environment.
Long exposure photography: A long-exposure picture, also known as a time-exposure photograph, or slow-shutter photography, is one in which the fixed components of an image are captured clearly while the moving elements are blurred, smeared, or obscured. At night, boats in long exposures are invisible during the day, but their lights leave brilliant tracks in the darkness.
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